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Views: 41 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-04-01 Origin: Site
Shearing machine blades are the core components for shearing sheet metal. They must possess high hardness, high wear resistance, high toughness, and good hardenability to withstand the impact and friction loads during the shearing process. Material selection must be based on the type, thickness, and production volume of the sheet metal being sheared. The following are mainstream materials and their suitable application scenarios:
I. Commonly Used Blade Materials and Performance Characteristics
Performance characteristics: It has high hardenability and quenchability, as well as good tempering stability. Its hardness is typically maintained at HRC 57-60.
Best applications: Primarily used for shearing ordinary low-carbon steels (Q235, etc.), thin sheets, or non-ferrous metals.
Limitations: Relatively brittle, prone to chipping when shearing stainless steel or high-hardness sheets; its cutting life is moderate.
Core Performance: Hardness can reach 58~62HRC after quenching; excellent wear resistance; good hardenability; minimal deformation after heat treatment; the addition of molybdenum and vanadium significantly improves toughness and resistance to chipping compared to ordinary Cr12 steel.
Application Scenarios: Suitable for shearing ordinary carbon steel, cold-rolled sheets, and aluminum sheets with a thickness ≤12mm; suitable for small to medium batch production; currently a general and economical choice for shearing machine blades, balancing cost-effectiveness and service life.
SKD11
Core Performance: More uniform carbide distribution, hardness up to 60~64HRC, superior wear resistance and impact resistance compared to Cr12MoV, strong edge retention, and less prone to dulling.
Applications: Shearing high-strength steel, stainless steel, and galvanized sheets with a thickness ≤20mm; suitable for high-volume, high-load shearing operations; especially suitable for production lines with high blade life requirements.
H13,H13K
Core Performance: Hardness 52~58HRC, excellent toughness, strong resistance to thermal fatigue, able to withstand the severe impact when shearing thick plates, and not prone to breakage.
Applications: Shearing thick steel plates ≥20mm, hot-rolled plates, or intermittent shearing of high-hardness alloy plates; suitable for heavy-duty shearing machines, prioritizing blade impact resistance over extreme wear resistance.
Carbide (e.g., WC-Co)
Core properties: Hardness as high as 89~93HRA, wear resistance far exceeds that of tool steel, lifespan is more than 10 times that of Cr12MoV.
Applications: Mass shearing of thin stainless steel strips, color-coated plates, and other materials prone to blade wear; disadvantages include poor toughness and impact resistance, suitable only for precision shearing of thin plates, strictly prohibited from shearing thick plates or hard materials.
Based on Shearing Plate Material
Based on Production Batch
Small Batch, Intermittent Shearing → Cr12MoV (Reduces costs)
Large Batch, Continuous Production Line → SKD11/High-Speed Steel (Reduces blade change frequency)
Based on Shearing Machine Type
Precision Pneumatic Shearing Machine → High-Speed Steel/Carbide
Blade Material | Core Performance Parameters | Optimal Application Scenarios | Core Advantages | Limitations |
9CrSi | Hardness HRC 57-60; good hardenability and tempering stability | Shearing ordinary low-carbon steel (e.g., Q235), thin plates, non-ferrous metals | Widely used, high cost-performance ratio | Relatively brittle, easy to chip when shearing stainless steel/high-hardness plates; general cutting life |
Cr12MoV | Hardness HRC 58-62; excellent wear resistance, small deformation after heat treatment; toughness superior to ordinary Cr12 steel | Shearing ordinary carbon steel, cold-rolled plates, aluminum plates with thickness ≤12mm; small to medium batch production | Strong versatility, balancing cost-effectiveness and service life | Not suitable for mass shearing of high-strength steel |
SKD11 | Hardness HRC 60-64; uniform carbide distribution; wear resistance and impact resistance superior to Cr12MoV; strong edge retention | Shearing high-strength steel, stainless steel, galvanized plates with thickness ≤20mm; mass, high-load shearing production lines | Long service life, not easy to dull, reducing tool change frequency | Higher cost than Cr12MoV |
H13 | Hardness HRC 52-58; excellent toughness and thermal fatigue resistance | Shearing thick steel plates, hot-rolled plates with thickness ≥20mm; intermittent shearing of high-hardness alloy plates; heavy-duty shears | Strong impact resistance, not easy to break under severe impact | Lower wear resistance than SKD11 |
Cemented Carbide (e.g., WC-Co) | Hardness 89-93HRA; wear resistance far exceeding tool steel, service life more than 10 times that of Cr12MoV | Mass shearing of thin stainless steel strips, color-coated plates; precision thin plate shearing | Extremely strong wear resistance, ultra-long service life | Poor toughness and impact resistance; strictly prohibited for shearing thick plates/hard materials |
III. Auxiliary Suggestions for Extending Blade Life
Blades should undergo overall quenching + low-temperature tempering treatment to ensure uniform hardness and avoid localized soft spots leading to rapid wear.
The cutting edge needs to be finely ground and polished to reduce frictional resistance with the material during shearing.
During shearing, a proper clearance needs to be adjusted (approximately 5% to 10% of the material thickness). Too large a clearance can cause burrs on the material, while too small a clearance will accelerate blade wear.
